Conversation Analysis: Turn-Taking Analysis on Boy William Podcast Episode 06 in Collaboration with Cinta Laura

This study is proposed to analyze conversation analysis especially for turn- taking strategy in a podcast of Boy William especially in the 6 th episode, collaboration with Cinta Laura Kiel, one of Indonesian artist. This study used qualitative method with Stenstroom’s framework was used to analyze the turn- taking strategy used in the conversation. The process of analysis consists of four steps; streaming Boy William’s podcast 6 th episode with Cinta Laura, making transcription of the conversation, classifying the data and interpreting the data. The result of this study showed that turn- taking strategy appear in the conversation. There were starting up, promoting, interrupting, repeating words, taking over, overlapping, appealing, silent pause and filled pause. The most frequent turn- taking strategy used is promoting strategy. Therefore, this study suggests that conversation analysis is important for understanding the intent of people's speech. In addition, this study can be used as a reflection of both theoretical and practical contributions. In theory, this study supports the theory of conversation analysis in turn- taking strategies. In fact, teachers can use it as a reference for applied linguistics courses


INTRODUCTION
Language is used by many people to communicate each other. Communicate to other speaker is important for people around the world. By using language, people can get the message from others. Besides to use for communicating each other, language is also important for people to know every culture from other country. Rofi'i & Nurhidayat, (2019) as cited by Aenida Nur, et al (2022) state that the categorized from success communication can be seen from the understanding the message between the messenger and the receiver. As stated by Holmes (1992;346) that generally, people develop their attitude towards language that represent their viewpoint about those who speak language. It means that the language of one person's use is related to his/ her behavior.

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Tyas & Pratama Conversation Analysis: Turn-Taking Analysis on Boy William Podcast Episode 06 in Collaboration with Cinta Laura One person or more in conversation are turns talking. The exchange turns between a speaker and a listener, or someone taking over a conversation going on at the same time, is called turn-taking (Brown & Yulie as cited by Putu Pande Novita Sari (2021)). According to Ghilzai & Baloch (2016), turn taking is the form of communication when the speakers take turn their conversation. In verbal communication, to manage interviews, debates, ceremonies and discussion is used turn-taking (Abdullah, 2016). According to Strenstroom as cited by Putu Pande Novita Sari (2021) conveyed that "taking the turn can be tricky". Turntaking is interesting to be studied because it consists of the organizations of a conversation.
One of programs on the Internet that famous nowadays is Podcasts. Brown and Green (2007) stated that the original audio or video recordings is called podcast. Another definition of podcasts is conveyed by Bery (2002), an application that can create, collect and share audio and video program freely through internet is called podcasts.
There are some studies have discussed a conversational analysis especially in turn-taking strategy. The study of turn taking strategy most of them focuses in a movie, radio, television program, and teaching-learning process. The first study was conducted by Emanuel (2000). In his study, he explored the kind of conversational analysis of turn-taking involving over-lapping, interruption, and prosody that were used by the interlocutor. The result of the study shows that interruption in conversation means a signal to argue other utterances.
The other study was conveyed by Young (2013). He explored a conversation analysis of turn-taking in an English discussion class. The result of the study shows that the usage of turn taking strategy is used by the students when they use a second language. Another study was conducted by Napitupulu & Siahaan (2014) that investigated turn-taking in a wedding ceremony. The data were obtained through direct observation and documentation. In their study, there were three types of turn-taking used; the first rule was more dominant in every speech situation. It referred to the reference of kinship and the use of pronoun. When the speaker from the man's side gave turn to the woman's side, addresses system was used as a reference to the speaker of the woman's side while the speaker from the woman's side used a personal pronoun to give turn to the man's side.
However, there are not many studies on a conversational analysis of turn-taking on a podcast which is booming lately, especially on Boy William's Podcast in collaboration with Cinta Laura Kiehl. Boy William's podcast is chosen because his podcast is famous enough. Besides that, the language used in his podcast often use English. So, we can learn English more from his podcast. Strenstroom's as cited by Putu Pande Novita Sari (2021) framework is used to analyze the turn taking that found in this podcast.

CONVERSATION ANALYSIS
The study of talk in the interaction is called conversation analysis. According to Litoseliti (2010), the purpose of conversation analysis is to figure out how turn taking is negotiated between participants in order to make social action. It focuses more on production and interpretation of talk that is focus on participant themselves.
Conversation analysis is used to figure out how talk is arranged in a social setting. It focuses on the conversation between one or more speaker that take the turn. A turn means when the first speaker speaks before the next speakers. Here, the first speaker makes or hold the turn for the next speaker. Then, the next speaker must know about what the first speaker expects. So, Tyas  it can be concluded that conversation analysis is used to know how participants figure out and respond to other speaker in their conversation.

TURN TAKING
The basic concept of conversation is when between the speaker changing the role that called turn taking (Choultard, 1980 as cited by Dian Fahlenaftiri (2020)). Turn taking begin when the first speaker speak and the second speaker wait to take the turn after the first speaker finish. Turn taking will stop when the speakers have nothing to say. In one situation, the turn taking strategy run smoothly, but other situations are not. Sometime first speaker has not finish yet his/ her turn but the other speaker suddenly take the first speaker's turn. To avoid such a situation, the speakers have to know the turn taking strategy in conversation. Based on Stenstroom (1994), turn taking strategy divided into three; taking the turn, holding the turn and yielding the turn.

TAKING THE TURN
In the conversation, it is a must that between the speaker have a good cooperation in order to make the conversation run smoothly. First speaker start his/ her talk with the second speaker. After the first speaker finish his/ her talk then the second speaker respond to the first speker's talk. This condition called taking the turn strategy. Strenstroom divided taking the turn strategy into four categories; starting up, overlapping, taking over and interrupting.

HOLDING THE TURN STRATEGY
Holding the turn is the second strategy in the turn taking analysis. This strategy is used when the speaker has the opportunity to speak but don't know what to say. This strategy divided into three categories; silent pause; repeating words and filled pause and verbal fillers.

YIELDING THE TURN STRATEGY
The last strategy in turn-taking analysis is yielding the turn strategy. It focuses to give opportunity to the speaker to take turn by responding the statement from the interlocutor. As stated by Stenstroom as cited Putu Pande Novita Sari (2021) yielding the turn happens when the speakers expected the respond from the interlocuter about what he/ she said. Yielding the turn strategy is divided into three; prompting strategy; appealing strategy and the last one is giving up strategy.

METHODOLOGY
The data of this study obtained from Boy William podcast episode 6 in collaboration with Cinta Laura Kiehl. It was downloading from YouTube. The duration of this video was fourteen minutes and twenty-one second long and has approximately four million viewers. In analyzing the data, the researcher used Stenstroom's framework. In his framework, the turntaking strategy divided into three strategies; taking-turn strategy, holding the turn and yielding the turn.
The qualitative method was used in this study. Given (2008) stated that Qualitative method is a method for systematically describing the meaning of qualitative data. The qualitative method is understood as a rule guided research process (Marying 2010). This study used qualitative method from Marying (2010) that consists of; streaming Boy William's podcast 6th episode with Cinta Laura, making transcription of the conversation, classifying the data and interpreting the data based on turn-taking strategy. Tyas

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The result of this study showed that in Boy William's Podcast in collaboration with Cinta Laura, yielding the turn is mostly used. In the conversation, the yielding strategy was found 17 examples. The yielding strategy consist of eleven of promoting strategies and six of appealing strategies. Second strategy of turn-taking that mostly used was taking the turn strategy. It was found six examples of interrupting, six of overlapping, five of taking over and the last one of starting up. Third strategy of turn-taking that mostly used was holding the turn. It was found three examples of repeating words, two of filled pause and verbal filler and the last one example of silent pause. The numbers of three strategies of turn-taking can be seen in the table below: In this conversation, Cinta Laura start the conversation by greeting Boy William. The greeting that she used was "Hey! What's up?. This example of starting up support the study conducting by Anwair (2016), who found that in starting up strategy someone has the initiative to talk by asking questions.

TAKING OVER STRATEGY
Another type of taking the turn strategy is taking over. It means that the speaker responds the conversation from the interlocutor towards the questions given. Jacob (2001) stated that it can be done directly by allowing the other speaker to speak to others. Taking over strategy means that the other speaker takes over by using connecting words such as and, but and because (Stenstroom as cited by Putu Pande Novita Sari (2021 In this conversation Cinta Laura said "I can drive in Indo, I can also drive in India, I don't know or I've never drive in India". This is the example of taking over strategy in their conversation. In this conversation, Cinta Laura gave respond to Boy William statement. By saying "I can drive in Indo…"it showed that she made sure to him that she can driving a car. This finding showed that the hearer giving comments or responses to the other speaker (Ertanti, 2016).

INTERRUPTING STRATEGY
Interrupting strategy is one of taking turn strategy in turn-taking analysis. In one situation, sometimes one speaker does not always finish his/ her talk. It happens because other speaker interrupts his/ her in the middle of their conversation. Interrupting strategy divided into two categories; Alert comment and Meta comment. Alert comment happens when one speaker interrupts interlocutory by speaking louder than another speaker. It happens to attract the other attention. The words; hey, listen, look are the words that usually used in alert comment (Ertanti, 2016). Meta comment according to Stenstroom (1994) is when one speaker comment to other speaker without offending the others. It means that this interrupting is polite interrupting by the speaker. Below the example of interrupting strategy that found in Boy William's podcast. In this conversation, the interrupting strategy found in Cinta Laura statement "No.. It's "Shoot Me". But you better not to play….". By saying "No…" it means that she interrupts Boy William turn that he will play Cinta Laura's song but she feels shy about the song. She said that word with aloud intonation that means she interrupt Boy William.

OVERLAPPING STRATEGY
Overlapping strategy is one of taking turn strategy that all speaker speaks in the same time. As stated by Yulie (1996) when two speakers speak together in the same time is called overlapping.
Here the example of overlapping that found in the conversation between Boy William and Cinta Laura; Cinta Laura : And you know what? It's okay that we were like we're the best girlfriend and boyfriend back in the day, at least now we are the most faithful, loving, trustworthy-partner… Boy William : …that's true Cinta Laura : …for all significant others.
Based on the conversation above, the overlapping strategy found when Boy William said "that's true" but he said that when Cinta Laura has not finished her statement. They speak at the same time.

HOLDING THE TURN STRATEGY
Holding the turn is the second strategy in the turn taking analysis. This strategy is used when the speaker has the opportunity to speak but don't know what to say. This strategy divided into three categories; silent pause; repeating words and filled pause and verbal fillers.

SILENT PAUSE STRATEGY
Silent pause strategy is one of holding the turn strategy in turn-taking analysis. This is the strategy that happens when the one speaker holds the turn until the current speaker finish to speak. Here the example of silent pause strategy that found in the podcast.
Boy William : What is it like to be an international artist? Cinta Laura : I mean it depends on the people who find to be an international artist. I'm… Boy William : …working on international film.
Based on the conversation above, the silent pause strategy was found in the statement of Cinta Laura. She said "I mean it depends on the people who find to be an international artist. "I'm...". The word "I'm…." showed the silent pause. She pauses to continue her answer. The statement was continued by Boy William. It is same with the study of Hadisaputra & Adnyani (2012). They show that being silent is also a way to control situation and also silent pause also used as turn holder.

REPEATING WORDS
This strategy is the second strategy in holding the turn. It happens when the speakers speak one word many times. Here the example of repeating words that found in the podcast.
Boy William : And remember our conversation one night I said one day you'll make it. And-a-the biggest outer faith in you. And look at you know. You tell out their face. In the conversation Cinta Laura said "And I know sometimes, you-you are a hearted person". By saying "you-you…" means that she speaks one word more than one time. It means that she wants to make sure about the words to continue her statement.

FILLED PAUSE AND VERBAL FILLERS
This strategy is the third strategy beyond to holding the turn in turn-taking analysis. Ertanti (2016) stated that filled pause and verbal fillers used by the speaker when the speaker trying to think about what he or she want to say. Verbal fillers that usually used such as; em; ahh;a. Below is one of the example of filled pause and verbal fillers that found in the conversation between Boy William and Cinta Laura: Boy William : … as a friend. Of course. And then we started to hanging out. Cinta Laura : (making sound denying) Boy William : What's up "ehm" about Cinta Laura?
Based on the example above, Boy William said "What's up "ehm" about Cinta Laura?". The word "ehm" is one of verbal fillers that was used in the conversation. He said that to trying to think about what he wants to say.

YIELDING THE TURN STRATEGY
The last strategy in turn-taking analysis is yielding the turn strategy. It focuses to give opportunity to the speaker to take turn by responding the statement from the interlocutor. As stated by Stenstroom (1994) yielding the turn happens when the speakers expected the respond from the interlocuter about what he/ she said. Yielding the turn strategy is divided into three; prompting strategy; appealing strategy and the last one is giving up strategy. In this study, the researcher only found two strategies belong to yielding the turn; prompting strategy and appealing strategy.

PROMPTING STRATEGY
This strategy is one of yielding the turn strategy in turn-taking analysis. In this strategy, the speaker make prompting in order to encourage to another speaker to respond what the first speaker said. In prompting strategy, the speaker can make prompting in greeting, question, invite, offer. Below the example of prompting strategy found in this study; In the conversation above the appealing strategy found in Cinta Laura's statement. She said "Really". It is one example of appealing strategy. Here she wants to get feedback from Boy William's statement.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Based on the Stenstroom's strategy it can be concluded that turntaking strategy was found in the Boy William's podcast 6 th episode in collaboration with Cinta Laura Kiehl. In the conversation found that prompting and interrupting are dominating during the conversation. There were 11 utterances that showed prompting strategy and 6 utterances showed interrupting. After deeper analysis by the researcher, the speaker used prompting strategy to know the interlocutory respond to speaker utterances. Almost all the prompting strategy were questions. It is used to give opportunity to interlocutory to respond the speaker. On the other hand, the interrupting strategy was used by the speaker because the conversation in the podcast was informal conversation. It happened not in formal situation. So, the way they talk was interrupting each other in the form of a joke.
The other turn-taking strategy that was found in the conversation was overlapping, taking over and starting up that belongs to taking the turn strategy. As the definition about taking the turn itself. It happened when the speaker takes turn in the conversation. Repeating words, filled pause and verbal filler, and silent pause that belongs to holding the turn also found in the conversation. Repeating words was dominating found in the conversation. The last strategy of turn-taking that found in the conversations was yielding the turn. It was consisting of prompting strategy and appealing strategy. Prompting strategy was dominating during the conversation. In addition, this descriptive qualitative research gives other researchers knowledge of how to identify the type of conversation that occurs within a conversation. It also enhances the reader's ability to understand turn-taking from the beginning until the end of.