PREVALENCE OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS THAT CAUSE TINEA PEDIS IN FARMERS IN TEGALHARJO BANYUWANGI

village, while the research sample Is skin scrapings between the toes of the farmers. Then the sample obtained is directly examined by using a microscope and 10% KOH reagent. The results shows that the farmers who are contaminated with the fungus that caused Tinea pedis are 6 people with a percentage (20%) and 24 people who are not contaminated with a percentage (80%). The incidence of infection Tinea Pedis among farmers in Tegalharjo Village, Banyuwangi Regency is also influenced by the duration of working in a day and the habit of wearing boots.

Tinea pedis is a type of superficial mycosis. Tinea pedis is a dermatophyse that is most often found in humans and is usually called water fleas. Lack of maintaining cleanliness and wearing closed shoes is one of the factors that causes Tinea pedis. Tinea pedis usually affects adults who work in wet or humid places, such as car and motorcycle washers, garbage collectors and farmers. When doing activities, the average farmer uses boots for too long. However, some farmers who do not wear boots while working experience itching on the soles of their feet. This research aims to determine the prevalence of fungal contamination that causes water fleas (Tinea pedis) in farmers in Tegalharjo village, Banyuwangi Regency. The population of this research are 30 farmers in Tegalharjo village, while the research sample Is skin scrapings between the toes of the farmers. Then the sample obtained is directly examined by using a microscope and 10% KOH reagent. The results shows that the farmers who are contaminated with the fungus that caused Tinea pedis are 6 people with a percentage (20%) and 24 people who are not contaminated with a percentage (80%). The incidence of infection Tinea Pedis among farmers in Tegalharjo Village, Banyuwangi Regency is also influenced by the duration of working in a day and the habit of wearing boots.

INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is referred to as an agrarian country because its population relies heavily on agriculture as a livelihood. The agricultural sector plays an important role for the Indonesian nation, especially in the national economy. The scope of farmers is mostly in wet and muddy places. The lack of personal protective equipment requires the farmer's feet and hands to come into direct contact with muddy and watery areas. Therefore, many cases of contamination of the farmer's feet are caused by mold. Tinea pedis is a fungal infection of the hands and feet (Muhtadin & Latifah, 2019).
Tinea pedis or Indonesian people are more familiar with the name of water fleas is a disease due to dermatophyte fungal infections that infect the skin on the toes, soles of the feet, and the lateral part of the feet (Farihatun, 2018). The fungi that cause tinea pedis are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum. In addition tinea pedis is also caused by other fungi such as Candida albicans and Microsporum gypseum (Sevaroka, 2018). Tinea pedis or water fleas usually affect adults who work in wet or damp places, such as car and motorcycle washers, garbage collectors and farmers. Infection occurs because the fungus releases the enzyme keratinase that attacks the keratin layer of the skin. Trichophyton rubrum infection infects the skin and nails through the degradation of keratin, this is due to the ability of fungi to secrete proteolytic enzymes which are virulence factors, especially in Trichophyton rubrum.
Infection can be spread from person to person through skin contact (Djuanda, 2013).
Symptoms of fungal infections that cause tinea pedis are characterized by the skin appears reddish and itchy, on the fingers and soles of the feet look cracked or peeling, small boils filled with clear fluid, toenails experience thickening and discoloration (Indrawati & Fakhrudin, 2016).
Cases of tinea pedis at the Denai Health Center in Medan City in 2012, in January there were 102 cases of skin diseases, skin diseases caused by allergies as many as 104 cases, skin diseases caused by fungi as many as 10 cases. In the following month there was an increase in cases of skin diseases as many as 134 cases, skin diseases caused by allergies as many as 110 cases, skin diseases caused by fungi as many as 7 cases (Sajida et al., 2012). In other cases at RSUP Prof. Dr.R. D. Kandou Manado City found cases of dematofitosis with a total of 36 cases of tinea kruris, 17 cases of tinea korporis, 6 cases of tinea capitis, 4 cases of tinea unguium, 1 case of tinea pedis and 1 case of tinea barbae (Bertus et al., 2015). Meanwhile, the results of Nurbidayah et al., (2018)

in Banitan village, Barito Kuala
Regency in 2017 showed that the incidence rate in 13 farmers obtained positive results of tinea pedis in farmers as many as 8 people (61.5%) and negative results were obtained as many as 5 people (38.5%). Fungal infections in humans are influenced by two factors, namely endogenous factors that include physiological changes in the human body such as pregnancy, age, immunological disorders, and age, while the second factor is exogenous factors that include climate, high humidity, and type of work (Agustina et al., 2021).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This type of research is descriptive, to illustrate the prevalence of tinea pedis in farmers in Tegalharjo Village, Banyuwangi Regency. Data was obtained by filling out questionnaires based on interviews and laboratory tests by cultured foot scraping samples on SDA media. Samples of skin scraping between the toes are microscopically examined using 10% KOH, which serves to lysize the skin's epithelial cells so that true hyphae or spores are obtained. Magnification of the microscope used 10x and 40x.
The study variable is tinea pedis infection. Infection with tinea pedis is determined based on infection from one of the fungi that cause Tinea pedis, namely fungi genus Microsporum, Tricophyton, Epidermophyton on the toes, from the results of microscopic examination. The data was analyzed descriptively to determine the prevalence of tinea pedis dan to find out the relationship between the length of work as a farmer, the duration of working as a farmer per day, and the wearing of rubber boots with the status of tinea pedis, the data was analyzed using chi-square.

Time and Place of Research
This study was conducted at the Surabaya Regional Health Laboratory. This study was conducted from October to December 2020.

Research Subjects
Subject in this study is a farmer in Tegalharjo Village, Banyuwangi Regency as many as 30 farmers (total sampling). While the subject of the examination is in the form of scraping the skin between the farmer's toes.

Sampling procedure
The skin on the sidelines of the toes to be scraped is sterilized first by using an alcohol swab. skin between the toes or soles of the feet is then scraped using a scalpel.
The results of scraping the skin are put in a sterile container and given a sample code.

Inspection procedures
Clean object glass dripped KOH 10% as much as 0.1 ml. Hasil scraping of the skin between the legs is taken with roundose and placed on the object glass that has been dripped KOH 10% then flattened with the heart. The object glass is then covered with a glass cover. After that it was observed under a microscope with objective lens magnification of 10x and 40x. The observations were recorded and then likened to the book Atlas of Mycology to find out the species observed.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Microscopic observations showed that the sample was said to be positive because hyphae and spores were found from the fungus that causes tinea pedis, instead said to be negative because no hyphae and spores caused tinea pedis. The fungus that causes tinea pedis consists of Research variables is tinea pedis infection. From microscopic observations (Table 1), it was found that 20% of samples were infected with tinea pedis, while 80% of samples were not found to have tinea pedis infection. As for the factors that affect the infection of tinea pedis, including the length of time to be a farmer, the duration of work per day, and the use of rubber boots. To find out the relationship between tinea pedis infection and infectious factors, it is necessary to conduct the following statistical tests.  pedis and the length of work as a farmer (P: 0.05) ( Table 2).
According to Kurniawati et al. (2006), Based on the variable duration of the farmer's working time for < 6 hours / day 100% did not experience tinea pedis, while as many as 6 or 37.5% of farmers who worked > 6 hours / day experienced tinea pedis. There is a meaningful relationship between tinea pedis and the duration of work in a day (P<0.05) ( Table 3). From the results, it shows that longer working hours show more positive results than those who work shorter working hours. According to (Napitupulu et al., 2016), the longer the contact with his work, skin irritation or inflammation can occur, causing abnormalities in the skin. This condition can be worse if farmers pay less attention to their cleanliness, especially washing their feet after working in the rice fields.
The next variable is the use of boots made of rubber. It turns out that farmers who use rubber boots, as many as 5 farmers or 45.45% experience tinea pedis, while 1 farmer or 5.26% who do not use rubber boots experience tinea pedis. From the results of Chisquare statistical calculations, it can be known that there is a meaningful relationship between tinea Pedis and the use of rubber boots (P<0.05) ( Table 4).  Tinea pedis infection in farmers can also be associated with the habit of farmers who use rubber boots. These rubber boots cannot absorb sweat and can cause the feet to produce more sweat, so the humidity level if using rubber boots is higher. Coupled with the activities of farmers who if in the rice fields are inundated with water. The use of shoes that are closed for a long time and made from not absorbing sweat, is a risk factor for tinea pedis infection. According to (Napitupulu et al. 2016) the high incidence of tinea pedis contamination is caused by skin moisture. In addition, humidity in the environment such as in wet or muddy areas is also a major factor in the occurrence of tinea pedis.
On microscopic observations, found 6 positive samples of tinea pedis with an infecting fungus is Tricophyton sp. This fungus is a type of mold that causes tinea pedis infection in humans (Sunartatie, 2010 Growth media shows hyphae or mycelium that is smooth white and looks like cotton, although sometimes it can also be another color depending on the pigment it has (Saputra, 2015).
Tricophyton sp. is a species of dermatopita fungus. Dermatophyte fungus is a group of fungi that grow on a keratin tissue as a food source. Keratin tissue found in humans includes nails, stratum corneum skin, and hair (Sondakh et al., 2016). In addition to Tricophyton sp., there is also a fungus that causes tinea pedis in humans, namely Microsporum sp. Another species is Epidermophyton sp. It usually causes tinea pedis infection in animals, especially in goats and cows (Sunartatie, 2010).
Based on the results of observations and questionnaires conducted by researchers, proving that almost all farmers have a healthy lifestyle before work and after work.
Maintaining cleanliness is needed in a job such as using personal protective equipment, washing hands and feet finished work, after that drying so as not to be damp so as to prevent the occurrence of mold that causes tinea pedis. This is also in accordance with the theory according to (Napitupulu et al. 2016), which is a step to realize health, namely by maintaining personal hygiene first. A clean body prevents the occurrence of a disease, especially in diseases related to personal hygiene. If personal hygiene is bad then it is very easy for the body to be affected by various diseases. For example, skin diseases, oral diseases, digestive tract diseases, and infectious diseases.