An Analysis of Abstract Using Move Model on Hyland’s Theory In Project Journal Article

. An abstract is one of the important parts in a research paper. It must give detail information to the readers. This research aimed to analyze abstracts’ content by using Move model proposed by Hyland (2003). It consists of introduction, purpose, method, result or product, and conclusion. This research used a qualitative method which specifically used content analysis design. Content analysis design was used because the researcher analyzed the content of abstracts taken from PROJECT Journal article which meant whether the writers presented the detail information as Move model or not. Evidently, from 15 articles analyzed, it was only one person who displayed detail information which was appropriate with Move model and the others were still not what the researcher expected except in informing the methods used. From the result of analysis, the understanding of writers about giving detail information in an abstract still lacks. It proves that the data finding presented in the result showed the weakness of abstracts which were not suitable yet with Move model. Abstract An abstract is a part of research paper which must be available in a research to present the whole information about what have been done by a researcher. An abstract usually present the introduction about the general idea of the researcher in conducting the study, the aim of the study, the methods used, the result of the research, and discussion (Hyland, 2003). These important parts of a research paper will give detail information to the readers which can make an interesting mindset to read that article. In accordance with this statement, James R. Ebert (2016) stated that in the scientific research paper the most important point in a research paper is an abstract because it can present the brief summary from the whole With an following the current with a big volume of scientific literature. In defining an abstract, students sometime have a misconception about abstract’s nature which might be described as the “table of contents” or “introduction” disorders. Actually, several ways can be done what the researcher wants to share an information or not in the abstract.


Introduction
Writing is one of the obligations for university's students because the lecturers often give students assignments to make a research paper or a journal article. The purpose of this research is to analyze students' research paper especially on the abstract whether they include introduction, purpose, method, result or product, and conclusion, and for other students they have to pay attention to writing an abstract on the research article. Valdes (2019) defines that a research paper can be called as a piece of academic writing either made by students or lecturer containing the originality of authors' research result on a particular topic which is analyzed with interpretation of research findings. Making a habit of writing a research paper will help the students to get used to practicing what is on their mind since writing is a matter of habit not a matter of understanding. Understanding will not become a work of people without being proved with something that people can see and read. This is how students are always forced or motivated to write in order to be accustomed to. Indeed, students will find something difficult when they are trying to be writers because doing something new usually needs a high motivation or eagerness to be consistent. After the students get consistent, the creativity in arranging the words or structures, or event selecting correct theory will become a habit which brings students' understanding to be easier in writing an article. Writing (Nunan, 1991) is an extremely complex cognitive activity in which the writer is required to demonstrate control of variables simultaneously. In line with this, writing does not come naturally; it requires focused effort to 'write' phrases and explore methods of communication and organization (Byrne, 2012). There are several things that have to be understood by new writers. It is actually not only for the new researchers but also for the professional researchers. They are consisting of selecting appropriate vocabularies, choosing correct tenses, taking data, collecting data, analyzing data, choosing correct theory, selecting appropriate design, in relation to phenomena for the qualitative research, in relation to numbers for quantitative research, displaying the result or finding, discussion the data that have been analyzed, and etc. Those above will easily be passed through a habit of practicing about what people can present in the form of writing. This will carry out students' creativity in writing a research article and it can make students graduate on time or they can predict where the students is going to finish the study. This habit really helps the students to measure and plan all their planning. It is not only they can plan the graduate, but students can also practice this technique when they are being university students such as time management in finishing the assignment, preparing either for daily test, mid-term test, final test, or oral test, and many things that students have to prepare.

Structure of A Research Paper
When the researcher starts to conduct a research paper, he/she can use IMRaD as a format guidance. The structure of IMRaD stands for Introduction, method, Result, and Discussion (Mack, 2018). In the introduction, a big question will appear like why the researcher does a research related to the specific topic. The answer of the question should give the clear understanding to the reader because it has a relation to the interest. So, the researcher must be creative in structuring the words which will charm the readers. If the introduction is presented well, the research result will look good and people will get interested in reading it.

1.
Abstract An abstract is a part of research paper which must be available in a research to present the whole information about what have been done by a researcher. An abstract usually present the introduction about the general idea of the researcher in conducting the study, the aim of the study, the methods used, the result of the research, and discussion (Hyland, 2003). These important parts of a research paper will give detail information to the readers which can make an interesting mindset to read that article. In accordance with this statement, James R. Ebert (2016) stated that in the scientific research paper the most important point in a research paper is an abstract because it can present the brief summary from the whole information. With an abstract, the professionals may enable and keep following the current with a big volume of scientific literature. In defining an abstract, students sometime have a misconception about abstract's nature which might be described as the "table of contents" or "introduction" disorders. Actually, several ways can be done what the researcher wants to share an information or not in the abstract. Besides, Bhatia (2002) in John Flowedew expresses that an abstract usually provides the research article summary and practices the whole of research article organization to reach at the verbal moves which can be found in an abstract: introduction (purpose), method, result, and conclusion. Lores (2003: 281) states that the abstract of research articles is not similar to research articles which follow these three aspects: function, verbal structure, and linguistic comprehension. Meanwhile, Santos (1996) in Yun Li (2011:7) took in finding out the abstracts of research papers as the textual organization. There are two levels related to abstractsin an abstract, there is a feature called as micro-level from textual group and the second is sentence level feature. This feature was taken from textual investigation.

Introduction
There are three things that have to be concentrated on preparing to start writing an introduction content for the project which means the introduction content should be appropriate with the aim of the research, the introduction must be fitted with the whole research topic, and the researcher does not forget to present the research questions in order to measure or organize the research so that it will not get out of the topic. The content of introduction has to be relevant with the purpose of conducting a research. The researcher must explain the content coherently begun from the background of doing the research topic till the research question. This coherence will create the sequences which can make the reader easily to understand the writing and understanding context and the structure of writing context would look good either in structure content or in meaning context. The other content which should be available in the introduction is research questions. The research question is a crucial thing. The best research question represents a good quality of a research. It is very important to unknot the secrets of nature giving the answer for the problems. A research question investigates the problem in the research. A question must be created very well because it will guide the researcher to find the appropriate methodology to be used (Kishore, et. al, 2011). Therefore, the purpose of research question aims to find out the presenting uncertainty in a concern area point to a necessary intentionally. A good research question will present the logic argument which supports the arguable research paper. Hence the formulation of a good research question is one of the first important steps in conducting a research undoubtedly. Especially in the field of social and health where the systematic knowledge generation which can be applied for promoting, healing, maintaining, or protecting individual and population health (Bryman, 2007). Principally, the research can be categorized based on its purpose. It can be seen from an action, an application, qualitative, quantitative, so forth (Alvesson, 2011).

3.
Methods In introduction, the best way to choose method in a research is depending on how the researcher presents the research question. Generally there are two methods which are always be used by researchersqualitative and quantitative. Under the head of methods, the researcher must understand the design where it is related to case study, document/content analysis, survey, ethnography, mixed methods, and etc. an introduction clearly mentioned the use of best methods begun from a good research question. Cohen (1977) stated that the definition of quantitative research is described for social research employing the methods and the statements empirically while Creswell (2017) said that quantitative research has a relation to phenomena which is meant it is presented to analyze an event surrounding people that uses numbering in collecting the data or this method is usually done mathematically. Meanwhile, Myers (2009) has the same opinion with Cohen. He mentioned that the quantitative research method was established for a social discipline so that the researcher can conduct a research related to the social and culture phenomena. Creswell (2009:15) expresses the qualitative research as an inquiry process of understanding based on the distinct methodological tradition of inquiry that explores social or human problem. In line with this, Moleong (2005:6) also synthesizes that qualitative research is the research which aimed to comprehend any phenomena happened toward the research subject such as behavior, perception, motivation, action, and so on.

Results
The result of the research depends on the methods used. People have known that there are different things in showing the result or finding. The difference can be seen from what method has been used by the researcher whether he/she uses qualitative or quantitative method. Several researchers mention 'result', but several mention 'finding'. This different mentioning can be differentiated only from point of view, but it actually has no main diverse content. The data presentation is very dependent on what method the researchers use. Quantitative research often presents the result or finding using table, chart, and etc. it is done because this method is related to arithmetic. Hence, the result of analysis is displayed into chart, table, and etc. Meanwhile, qualitative research is very different from qualitative. This method showed the finding or result in the form of description. Indeed, some people think that qualitative study is easier that quantitative or vice versa, but in conducting a research it is not about difficulty and easiness. It is referring to how the researchers will take, collect, analyze the data.

5.
Discussion Discussion also has a relation to qualitative and quantitative research. It means in quantitative research, result and discussion are usually separated. The strong reason is because char or table is displayed, it will make the researchers easier to discuss finding or discussion which is connecting to the theory, previous studies, or other findings. Besides, the facts are often found in the field study for the qualitative research. This method usually combines between result and discussion. This reason makes sense because in qualitative research the researchers get easier to discuss the result directly rather than explain the data in different part moreover the researchers use descriptive qualitative. This design is easier to discuss the data in the result and finding.

Method
This research was descriptive qualitative approach with using content analysis as the research method because this research analyzed documents' contents. The selected data of this research was displayed in the data identification table in order to be seen clearly. Making such this identification table is proposed by Miles and Huberman (1994). Then, those selected data were given a verification and conclusion. Therefore this research used descriptive qualitative approach, the result of this research was described in descriptive forms.
The corpus of this research took fifteen abstracts taken from Project Journal articles published on May 2020. This project journal article is always consistent in publishing research articles in every month. This consistence can be seen in the link of its journal. This publisher publishes minimally 15 to 25 journal articles in every month. The reason why the researcher took the data from this publisher is because it has a good reputation which could be seen from its consistence. This research focused on analyzing abstracts in research articles. It was chosen because an abstract is a crucial part in a research article. Readers can find any information from abstracts. This research used Hyland's theory as a grand theory. This was chosen, for it give detail information in presenting the understanding to the readers such as introduction, purpose, method, product, and conclusion. These all parts are consisted in moves' theory. Take a look on the following table to see the description in detail:

Conclusion
Interprets or extends results beyond scope of paper, draws inferences, points to applications or wider implications. Source: Hyland, K. (2000).

Disciplinary Discourses: Social interactions in academic writing. London: Longman.
In data collection technique and data analysis technique, the researcher used qualitative method. In mentioning the name of qualitative, some scholars mention it as approach and some mentions as method. According to Moleong (2008:5) qualitative approach is a data collection technique in the background of nature using natural method. This qualitative approach is always done by the researcher who likes conducting a research naturally. In accordance with qualitative, Creswell (1997:17) expresses that qualitative approach is the way to be used in conduction a research article done by the researchers who like studying individually and in natural setting or it is also called as natural process. Here, the researched object and setting or its context must be put together. This approach based on Creswell can be used either for education field or non-education field. Specifically, this research used qualitative content analysis. This was done as the researcher analyzed the data and presented the data descriptively. Qualitative content analysis is called as research method or qualitative method which aims to interpret the data taken from text data (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005, p. 1278.

Finding and Discussion
In the first step, the researcher analyzed fifteen research papers which were taken from PROJECT Journal. This analysis had a purpose to find out the data based on Hyland' theory used in this research. Hyland's theory discusses about what should be involved in the abstracts of research article. This research was focused on analyzing the abstracts because the writer can deliver any information through an abstract and that information represents whole result of research. It is not only for the result, but it must present the introduction of research, purpose, method, product, and conclusion. These five indicators which should be inserted in an abstract proposed by Hyland (2000). From the data analysis that the researcher has done, it was found that there were 48 data representing all moves. Seven data was indicated to Move 1 (introduction), eight data belong to Move 2 (purpose), 13 data represent method as Move 3, 15 data possessed Move 4 (product, result and discussion), and two data owned Move 5 (conclusion). It can be seen from the data gotten from 15 abstracts that the perfect information that has to be stated in abstract still lack. It means that it was not found even from one abstract which deliver all information that was appropriate with Moves model. Here are the following chart 1 as the result of analysis.  Hyland (2000). It can be seen in the below table found in the abstracts on Project Journal article.   1. Move 1: Introduction From the result of data analysis, the researcher did not find Move 1 (introduction) in all abstracts which had been analyzed. It was only found from seven abstracts. The others did not address any introduction in presenting the research on abstract. They were more focusing on purpose and methods. The clear data finding can be seen below as the excerpts illustrated of Move 1: (1) Charles Sanders Pierce's Triadic semantic model is a semiotic theory that analyze the signs (ZS,WM,HH).
(2) Millennial lecturers are considered to be proficient in teaching by making use of the technology in their classrooms (BPS,CB,HH). (3) Pedagogical implications are discussed in terms of the need for continuous professional development for the newly certified teachers during their initial career at schools (YSM). The data above shows that each sentence explained the introduction of general topic which gave the information to the readers generally also. The clear information can be seen from the subjects used by the writers. Point the phrase of "Charles Sanders Pierce's Triadic semantic model". This phrase can be predicted as general information because the phrase of 'semantic model' can be referring to 'sign'. The 'signs' was more specific in this research as writer analyzed that thing from the semantic model. The subject in the second sentence also gave the general information about millennial lecturers who can be able to use technology in the classroom. It can be said as a fact because old lecturers usually cannot operate the technology. This research showed millennial lecturers dominate in mastering technology for the lecture's need rather than old lecturers. The similarity was also seen from the third sentence. The writer informed general information about pedagogical implication rather than the specific thing related to the main topic. From the three excepts of data, the researcher can conclude that giving general information in the abstract can help reader get whole information also, but unfortunately from the abstract analyzed, the researcher did not find the introduction in all abstracts. It could be the writer's ignorance or carelessness, yet one important thing that should be understood by all writers is to write the introduction in an abstract.

Move 2: Purpose
In a research paper, the purpose is one of the most important thing that cannot be belittled because the readers could dig deep information about the purpose of that research, but the writer/researcher sometimes did not write the purpose of the research. It will decrease the understanding and will look the abstract strange and uninteresting. It was seen from that data analysis for Move 2 (purpose), the researcher could not find the aims/purpose from all the abstracts. Here are the following data excerpts below which have been found from 11 of 15 abstracts: (1) The aims of this research to find deixis and spatial deixis used of song lyrics from King of Dangdut by Rhoma Irama (YN,IS). (2) The purpose of this research, namely analyzing Aisyah : biarkan kami bersaudara movie to find out the type of addressing term used in this movie (NMNS,AP). (3) This research aimed to analyze the errors in using simple present tense (HS,MZ). From the three representative data above, the reader can understand each purpose of the research. The first sentence seemed that the writer aimed to conducting an analysis in a song lyric. The word of 'aim' has given an information that the meaning of that is a purpose, so this is so easy to understand by all people. Then, the second delivered the purpose by the word of 'purpose' that word can be explained as the synonym of 'aim'. The complete meaning of sentence showed that the researcher analyzed the move for the research.
The choice of the third example had the same word and meaning with the writer one. The writer chose 'aimed' to deliver the research purpose. The choice of word is so common to be used by the researcher/writer because it can be understood easily or everyone can understand that word even for those who have very limited vocabularies. In this third example, the writer analyzed simple present tense. 3. Move 3: Methods The researcher assumed that research methodology is like a knife to be function as a tool to get the data. Hence, it can be said that choosing the correct method in the research is so important to be chosen by the researcher because it will cause to the result of data which are appropriate for the research question. From the data analyzed, the researcher found that it was not all the writers wrote methods in the abstract. It was only found 13 from 15 abstracts. Here are the excerpts which were taken as the presenting data.
(2) The researchers used descriptive qualitative as the method of this research (SHR,E).
(3) The method that used in this study is to analyst the lyrics of "A Star is Born" album and the technique that used to collect the data is analyzing technique that used is qualitative method (INA,AP). From the three data above, it can be concluded that all writers used qualitative method. Qualitative method is used usually to describe data as phenomena, context, and so forth. It can be seen from the three data displayed that the first writer and the second writer stated the research method clearly. It used more specific as the mode or design of qualitative. One of the modes or designs of qualitative method is descriptive qualitative, so both writers presented the information in a good shape while the third writer presented the information in general, they just wrote 'qualitative method'. 4. Move 4: Product / Result Result or product is the result of hypothesis which have been formulated to gather the data by the researcher. The researcher must be able to get the data based on the research questions which have been mentioned in the introduction either explicitly or implicitly. Arranging or presenting the result must be explained clearly, but sometimes as what have been mentioned in above there are differences between qualitative and quantitative. Here are the three excerpts of data taken from the abstracts.
(2) Based on the results of the study it was found that the condition of students' interest of reading English novels in Faculty of Letters, Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah University is very poor (RKT,RSD). (3) The result showed that students more understand and truly remember of recent vocabularies when using Total Physical response (TPR) as a way (RG, IS). From 15 abstracts analyzed, the researcher found the product or result. It means that all writers presented the result. First writer and second writer showed the data with the percentage, but the other or the third writer showed the data with only a description. These three writers have a difference in displaying the result, yet it can be seen from how they showed that result of data analysis is very good and look easy to understand.

Conclusion
In a research paper, the researcher must give the conclusion of research paper. It usually presents what have been gotten from the research. Specifically if the researcher conducts a research with teaching method, the result may be shown that how effective that method was applied in learning. This is only the example of teaching method, but it is no specific result for the researcher to explain in the conclusion. It depends on what method and what result the researcher used.
(1) It can be concluded that students can improved their vocabularies well through TPR (RG, IS).
(2) It can be seen of the result analysis person deixis and spatial deixis can be many found in the six song lyrics (YN,IS). Here, the researcher only found two data of 15 abstracts. It means that it is only two writers who wrote conclusion in the abstract. From the first writer, the researcher saw that they show the conclusion about using vocabulary using TPR technique and they concluded that TPR can improve students' vocabulary. Then, second writers concluded their finding about deixis in the lyrics that were taken as data analysis.

Conclusion
An abstract is one of the components which must be available in a research article. Hyland (2003) stated that there are five components that must be written in an abstractintroduction, purpose, method, result or product, and conclusion. Hyland mentioned it as Moves model. This model is very to be used by every researcher because this will guide her/him get the easiest thing in writing an abstract. From the result of research analysis, the researcher can conclude that it is so important for the writers or researchers to understand what have to be written in an abstract because it will give important information to the readers moreover this model gives coherent explanation started from the introduction and ended with a conclusion. This arrangement will deliver best information when the readers want to dig deeper information from the research. Through this model, the researcher conducted a research on 15 abstracts published in PROJECT Journal article. It was found that it was only one writer who understood this format, most of them did not use it so that the abstracts did not seem to provide clear information especially in the part of conclusion. The researcher only found two data of 15 abstracts, but the researcher gave really appreciate for the writers as all of them presented the research methodology even it was still general.