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Deteksi Molekuler Mikroorganisme Patogen pada Bahan Pangan dengan Metode RT-PCR
Abstract
Penyakit akibat makanan yang terkontaminasi oleh mikroorganisme
patogen menjadi salah satu ancaman kesehatan yang perlu diwaspadai.
Banyaknya jenis mikroorganisme patogen serta kecilnya jumlah sel yang
mengontaminasi bahan pangan menjadikan deteksi mikroorganisme patogen
dalam bahan pangan menjadi suatu tantangan tersendiri. Deteksi secara
konvensional melalui kultur mikroorganisme dalam media tertentu dianggap
kurang efektif karena memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama serta potensi
kontaminasinya yang cukup besar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode deteksi
mikroorganisme patogen pada bahan pangan yang lebih cepat, efektif, spesifik,
dan sensitif untuk mencegah wabah penyakit akibat kontaminasi bahan pangan.
Deteksi molekuler banyak dikembangkan karena menyajikan hasil pengujian
yang lebih spesifik dan sensitif berdasarkan penanda molekuler tertentu. Salah
satu yang paling banyak dikembangkan adalah Real Time-Polymerase Chain
Reaction (RT-PCR) yang dapat mendeteksi materi genetik mikroorganisme
pengontaminasi makanan dengan menggunakan primer dan probe (penanda)
yang spesifik. Deteksi dengan RT-PCR memberikan hasil yang lebih spesifik dan
sensitif untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit akibat bahan pangan yang
terkontaminasi mikroorganisme patogen.
Kata kunci: mikroorganisme, RT-PCR, patogen, primer, probe
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26877/jiphp.v1i1.1356
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