How to teach speaking for university students

Abstract

This paper examines various approaches to teaching speaking to university students. Teaching speaking is very challenging in university, as students often possess a wealth of knowledge and experience that significantly influences their ability and capability in speaking. In speaking, there are some essential things that speakers do, that is; speech production, conceptualization and formulation, articulation, self-monitoring and repair, automaticity, fluency and managing talk. To achieve any degree of fluency, some level of automaticity is necessary. Fluency covers speed, pausing, placement of pauses, and the length of run. Managing talk covers interaction, turn-taking, and paralinguistics. Speakers should possess knowledge of linguistic, psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, and discourse knowledge, as well as strategic knowledge. This paper concludes that however, speakers sometimes find difficulties, which might be caused by clustering, redundancy, reduced form, performance variables, colloquial language, rate of delivery, stress, rhythm, and intonation, as well as interaction